1. propositional proof by cases modular arith pigeonhole limits of pdf 2. posets/chains 3. invariants 4. annuities and series 5. combinatorics 6. qualitative conditional prob 7. equiv relations & uniform sample space 8. conditional prob, sample space, false proof 9. propositional & Markov 10. coupon & Harmonic 11. Wald 12. Weak Law and quantifiers 13. Markov 14. graphs, Chebyshev 15. Ruin, linear recurrence.