Input sample 1. (From A Capsule History of Typesetting, by Brown, R.J.) 
 
The first practical mechanized type casting machine was invented in 
1884 by Ottmar Mergenthaler. His invention was called the 
"Linotype". It produced solid lines of text cast from rows of 
matrices. Each matrice was a block of metal -- usually brass -- into 
which an impression of a letter had been engraved or stamped. The 
line-composing operation was done by means of a keyboard similar to a 
typewriter. A later development in line composition was the 
"Teletypewriter". It was invented in 1913. This machine could be 
attached directly to a Linotype or similar machines to control 
composition by means of a perforated tape. The tape was punched on a 
separate keyboard unit. A tape-reader translated the punched code into 
electrical signals that could be sent by wire to tape-punching units 
in many cities simultaneously. The first major news event to make use 
of the Teletypewriter was World War I. 
 
 
Input Sample 2. (From an 1882 issue of the London Graphic.) 
 
The process of electrotyping may be briefly described as follows: The 
wood block or color plate is placed in a bed of wax, which has been 
melted, and allowed to cool until it has arrived at the proper 
consistency. It is then submitted to a great pressure in a press of 
hydraulic or other construction. In this way a facsimile of the 
original is produced but with every detail reversed. This was 
impression is then covered with a thin coating of black lead, such 
being a good conductor of electricity, and is hung by means of a brass 
rod in a large bath filled with a solution of sulfate of copper and 
sulfuric acid. Side by side with this bath is a powerful 
battery of Smee's construction, that is to say zinc, and platinized 
silver in dilute sulfuric acid. The current generated by this battery 
is put into connection with the wax mold hung in the bath, and also 
with a sheet of copper also hung side by side with the mold. The 
effect of the electricity is in the first place to decompose the 
copper and in the second place to attract the particles of copper to 
the mold. In a short time a thin coating of copper has formed along 
the mold, of which it is again the reverse, and consequently the exact 
facsimile of the original block. The shell, as it is called, is then 
filled up at the back with metal in order to  make the surface 
perfectly hard and suitable for printing. After being made smooth and 
uniform in thickness by means of lathes and planing machines, it is 
mounted upon wood and is ready for the machine. 
 
Input Sample 3. (Of unknown origin.) 
 
The International Typographical Union, was described as, "the oldest 
union in America, and organized to prevent the use of labor saving 
improvements." The union fought hard for its members and when times 
were hard would send money and train fare to unemployed Typesetters, 
and direct them to places where prospects were better. 
When preset advertising copy began to be provided by advertisers, in 
the late nineteenth century, the union required that this type could 
be used as received only if a union Typesetter was employed to reset,  
print, proof, and throw away the same copy. The union leader who 
negotiated this requirement is reported to have been a Mr. Bogus, and 
this redundant make-work typesetting was called "bogus" type and added 
a word to the language. (There are other explanations for the word, 
but none contradicts this one). 
Even as late as the 1980s, most type was set on lead casting machines, 
and the production manager at the San Jose News complained that his 
reporters' stories were being retyped by "400-dollar a month 
secretaries who type 80 words a minute and don't make mistakes, and 
then retyped at 40 words a minute on Linotype machines by 800-dollar a 
month Typesetters who do make mistakes." 
 
 
Input sample 4. (From Out of Their Minds, by 
Shasha, Lazere. Springer-Verlag, New York, 1995, page 99.) 
 
Throughout his life, Knuth had been intrigued by the mechanics of 
printing and graphics. As a boy at Wisconsin summer camp in the 1940s, 
he wrote a guide to plants and illustrated the flowers with a stylus 
on the blue ditto paper that was commonly used in printing at that 
time. In college, he recalls admiring the typeface used in his math 
texbooks. But he was content to leave the mechanics of designing and 
setting type to the experts. "I never thought I would have any 
control over printing. Printing was done by typographers, hot lead, 
scary stuff. Then in 1977, I learned about new printing machines that 
print characters made out of zeros and ones, just bits, no lead. 
Suddenly, printing was a computer science problem. I couldn't resist 
the challenge of developing computer tools using the new technology 
with which to write my next books." Knuth designed and implemented 
TeX, a computer language for digital typography.  He explored the 
field of typography with characteristic thoroughness.  For example, he 
wrote a paper called "The letter S" in which he dissects the 
mathematical shape of that letter through the ages, and explains his 
several day effort to find the equation that yields the most pleasing 
outline.